A number of states, including Connecticut, Illinois, and West Virginia, have deemed gun sellers as “essential” businesses, granting them explicit permission to remain open. Others, like New York and New Mexico, have ordered them closed.
In states that have ordered gun stores to close, enforcement of the orders is already proving messy — and litigious. In Pennsylvania, gun-rights advocates immediately filed a lawsuit challenging Governor Tom Wolf’s order to close dealers. The state Supreme Court swiftly rejected the suit, but hours later Wolf’s office quietly updated its policy to allow gun dealers to operate on a limited basis. On the other side of the country, California Governor Gavin Newsom announced that he was leaving the decision the decision to let gun stores continue operating in the hands of county sheriffs. And New Jersey faces multiple lawsuits stemming from its unprecedented decision to eliminate access to the state’s background check system.
We’re tracking the rapidly changing situation on the map below. In states without any lockdown orders or business restrictions in place, gun retailers are presumed to be operating as normal.
Alabama
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 28
Gun dealers are not included on the list of nonessential businesses in Governor Kay Ivey’s order. “Standalone firearms businesses” can remain open, according to local media.
Alaska
UNCLEAR
EFFECTIVE MARCH 28
Governor Mike Dunleavy’s order does not include firearms dealers on a list of essential services. We are awaiting comment from the governor’s office.
Arizona
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
Arizona has not issued any statewide business restrictions, but Governor Doug Ducey included “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” on a list of essential essential services that cities and counties are prohibited from restricting the operations of.
California
UNCLEAR
EFFECTIVE MARCH 19
Firearm retail workers in California are not included on the list of “essential critical infrastructure workers” permitted to keep working amid the state’s lockdown. Governor Gavin Newsom announced on March 25 that the decision to let gun stores continue operating would be left up to individual counties.
Colorado
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 26
Governor Jarid Polis’ stay-at-home order includes “firearms stores” on a list of critical retail businesses that can “continue to operate as normal.”
Connecticut
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
Governor Ned Lamont’s executive order includes “guns and ammunition” retailers among essential businesses that may remain open.
Delaware
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 26
After originally ordering gun stores to shut down, Governor John Carney reversed course and is now allowing retailers to operate on an appointment-only basis.
District of Columbia
UNCLEAR
EFFECTIVE MARCH 25
Mayor Muriel Bowser’s order does not include firearms dealers on its list of essential businesses. We are awaiting comment from the mayor’s office.
Hawaii
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
Governor David Ige’s order declares “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” to be essential businesses.
Idaho
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 25
Governor Brad Little’s stay-at-home order includes “firearm businesses” on a list of essential businesses.
Illinois
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 21
Governor J.B. Pritzker’s executive order declares “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” to be essential businesses.
Indiana
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
Governor Eric Holcomb’s executive order includes “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” as essential businesses.
Kentucky
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
Governor Andy Beshear’s executive order does not “interfere with the lawful sale of firearms and ammunition.”
Louisiana
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
A fact sheet released by Governor John Bel Edwards’ office lists “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” as essential businesses.
Maine
STORES ORDERED CLOSED
EFFECTIVE MARCH 25
Governor Janet Mills’ order does not include firearms dealers on its list of essential businesses. Stores that sell only guns are considered nonessential, the governor’s office said in a statement to WMTW.
Maryland
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
A spokesperson for Governor Larry Hogan told The Trace that firearms and ammunition retailers are “fine to remain open.”
Massachusetts
STORES ORDERED CLOSED
EFFECTIVE MARCH 24
A spokesperson for Governor Charlie Baker directed The Trace to the state’s list of essential services, which does not include firearms and ammunitions stores.
Michigan
UNCLEAR
EFFECTIVE MARCH 24
An earlier version of this map stated that gun stores were closed in Michigan, based on a local media report. Governor Gretchen Whitmer’s order does not explicitly include firearms dealers on its list of critical infrastructure. We have seen conflicting reports about whether stores in the state are open or closed, and are awaiting comment from the governor’s office.
Minnesota
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 27
“Gun stores are considered essential under the order,” a spokesperson for Governor Tim Walz told The Trace.
Mississippi
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 24
Governor Tate Reeves’ executive order deems “firearm and ammunition manufacturers and retailers” to be essential services.
Montana
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 28
Governor Steve Bullock’s order designates “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” as essential businesses.
Nevada
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 20
A directive issued by Governor Steve Sisolak orders the closure of nonessential businesses. A spokesperson for the state directed The Trace to a section of Nevada’s legal code which prevents the governor from using emergency powers to impose restrictions on the sale of firearms and ammunition.
New Hampshire
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 27
Governor Chris Sununu’s order includes “gun and related products (including associated retail)” on a list of essential businesses allowed to remain open.
New Jersey
STORES ORDERED CLOSED
EFFECTIVE MARCH 21
The New Jersey State Police website states that Governor Phil Murphy’s lockdown order applies to firearm dealers. The state has also taken the unprecedented measure of shutting down new submissions to its background check system, preventing all gun sales.
New Mexico
STORES ORDERED CLOSED
EFFECTIVE MARCH 24
“Firearms and ammunition retailers are not considered essential business,” a spokesperson for the New Mexico Department of Health told The Trace.
New York
STORES ORDERED CLOSED
EFFECTIVE MARCH 22
Gun dealers are not included on the state’s list of essential businesses. Media reports indicate that gun shops in New York are closing down.
North Carolina
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 30
“Gun stores implementing social distancing requirements for employees and customers as defined in the order may remain open,” according to an FAQ document that accompanies Governor Roy Cooper’s order.
Ohio
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
Ohio Department of Health Director Amy Acton’s order categorizes “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” as essential businesses.
Oklahoma
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 25
Governor Kevin Stitt has ordered nonessential businesses to close in counties that are experiencing community spread of COVID-19. The order deems “miscellaneous retailers” to be essential businesses, and a spokesperson for the Oklahoma Department of Commerce told The Trace that firearms and ammunition retailers fall into that category.
Oregon
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 23
“Businesses can continue to operate as long as they can… designate an employee to establish and implement social distancing policies… and strictly enforce social distancing policies,” a spokesperson for Governor Kate Brown told The Trace.
Pennsylvania
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 24
Governor Tom Wolf has issued guidance allowing gun dealers to operate on an appointment-only basis in order to “complete only the portions of a sale/transfer that must be conducted in-person under the law.” The governor’s original order shuttered gun stores, but he issued the revision after several Pennsylvania Supreme Court justices urged him to allow the shops to reopen.
Texas
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 27
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton stated in a nonbinding opinion that municipal and county emergency orders “may not regulate or restrict the sale of firearms.” Texas does not currently have a statewide stay-at-home order in place.
Vermont
STORES ORDERED CLOSED
EFFECTIVE MARCH 25
A spokesperson for the state’s COVID-19 Joint Information Center told The Trace that firearms retailers are classified as “miscellaneous store retailers,” which are not considered critical businesses under Governor Phil Scott’s order.
Virginia
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 24
Governor Ralph Northam’s order does not include firearms dealers on its list of essential or nonessential businesses. However, the order states that brick-and-mortar retailers not listed as essential may remain open if they “limit all in-person shopping to no more than 10 patrons per establishment, adhere to social distancing recommendations, sanitize common surfaces, and apply relevant workplace guidance from state and federal authorities.”
Washington
STORES ORDERED CLOSED
EFFECTIVE MARCH 25
“Gun shops are not considered essential and are included in the temporary closure of nonessential businesses,” a spokesperson for Governor Jay Inslee told The Trace.
West Virginia
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 24
Governor Jim Justice’s executive order designates “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers” as essential businesses.
Wisconsin
STORES CAN STAY OPEN
EFFECTIVE MARCH 25
Wisconsin Department of Health Services Secretary Andrea Palm’s order designates “firearm and ammunition suppliers and retailers for purposes of safety and security” as essential businesses.